Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. Electrotherapy (or Electro Physical Agents – EPA’s) comprise a wide variety of treatment methods for several indications and conditions like electrical currents, short- and microwave and ultrasound. In this "Electrotherapy" section we limit the scope to electrical currents for therapeutics purposes. that is:
- Interferential Currents
- Biphasic Pulsed Currents (TENS)
- Premodulated currents
- Russian Stimulation
- Micro Currents
- High Voltage
- Diadynamic Currents
- Galvanic Currents
- Faradic Currents
These current forms in Enraf-Nonius electrotherapy equipment are primarily designed for pain management, muscle stimulation and tissue regeneration.
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Enraf-Nonius Electrotherapy Equipment
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Endomed 482 "Complete, easy-to-use, fast and the responsible choice for electrotherapy!" |
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Endomed 484 "Allround 4-channel electrostimulator " |
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Endomed 182 & 182V "Cheapest professional device for interferential current (ifc) and tens" |
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Vacotron 460 "The Vacotron 460 is a valuable addition to the Endomed 482 or Sonopuls 492 (new models)" |
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Endomed 684V & 682V (1) "Electrotherapy with 4 or 2 channels" |
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Electrotherapy Indications and Contra-Indications
Pain Management
Pain Management is the use of electrical stimulation for pain relief.
Indications Pain Management
- Symptomatic relief of chronic, intractable pain. Management of pain associated with posttraumatic or postoperative conditions.
Contra-indications Pain Management
- This device should not be used for symptomatic pain relief unless etiology is established or unless a pain syndrome has been diagnosed.
- This device should not be used on patients with demand-type cardiac pacemakers.
- This device should not be used over cancerous lesions.
- Electrode placements that apply current to the carotid sinus region (anterior neck) must be avoided.
- Electrode placements that apply current transcerebrally (through the head) must be avoided.
- Electrode placements that apply current transthoracically (the introduction of electrical current into the heart may cause cardiac arrhythmias) must be avoided.
Warnings Pain Management
- Benefits of TENS currents have not been established for pain of central origin.
- This device is to be used as a symptomatic treatment for pain and has no curative value. Patients should be cautioned and their activities regulated if pain that would otherwise serve as a protective mechanism is suppressed.
- The long-term effects of chronic electrical stimulation are unknown.
- Safety has not been established for the use of therapeutic electrical stimulation during pregnancy.
- Stimulation should not be applied over swollen, infected, or inflamed areas of skin eruptions e.g.,phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, etc.
- See also chapter 3, Precautionary Instructions, for general Warnings and Precautions.
Muscle Stimulation
Muscle Stimulation is the use of electrical stimulation to treat muscle dysfunction.
Indications Muscle Stimulation
- Relaxation of muscle spasms
- Prevention or retardation of disuse atrophy
- Increasing local blood circulation
- Muscle re-education
- Immediate post-surgical stimulation of calf muscles to prevent venous thrombosis
- Maintaining or increasing range of motion
- Dysphagia
Contra-indications Muscle Stimulation
- This device should not be used on patients with demand-type cardiac pacemakers
- This device should not be used over cancerous lesions
- Electrode placements that apply current to the sinus carotid region (anterior neck) must be avoided (1)
- Electrode placements that apply current transcerebrally (through the head) must be avoided.
- Electrode placements that apply current transthoracically (the introduction of electrical current into the heart may cause cardiac arrhythmias) must be avoided.
Note (1)
However the application area for the treatment of Dysphagia is distant enough from the sinus carotis area, when the therapist follows the guidelines as described in the therapybook "Dysphagia (by H.C.A. Bogaardt SLP, PhD)"
Warnings Muscle Stimulation
- The long-term effects of chronic electrical stimulation are unknown.
- Safety has not been established for the use of therapeutic electrical stimulation during pregnancy.
- Stimulation should not be applied over swollen, infected, or inflamed areas of skin eruptions e.g., phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, etc.
Instruction for Use Please consult the Instructions for Use for more information on indications and contra-indications and for warnings and recommendations.
These indications and contra-indications originated from the 4-Series Operating Instructions EN 1498751-41.